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Present: simple or perfect?

In this lesson, you’re going to learn the meaning and use of the Present Perfect tense, focusing on the difference between the Present Perfect and the Present Simple tenses.

which have been popular among millions of people in the world.

To introduce this topic, you’ll read the story of the

Flip-flops are a type of open-toed sandal typically worn in casual situations, such as outside or at the beach. They consist of a flat sole held loosely on the foot by a Y-shaped strap that passes between the first and second toes and around either side of the foot. The name "flip-flop" originated because of the sound that is made by slapping between the sole of the foot and the floor when walking. People of many cultures throughout the world have worn this style of footwear. The modern flip-flop descends from the Japanese zōri, which became popular after World War II, when soldiers returning to the United States brought them back.

Read about the flip flops and answer the questions.

Present: simple or perfect?

have worn

Click on the verbs in the box to answer the following questions.

originated

passes

brought

consist

Which verbs are in the Past?

became

are

Which verbs are in the Present Perfect?

Which verbs are in the Present?

descends

When you read this sentence, what do you understand?

( ) people wore flip flops in the past ( ) people wear flip flops in the present

Observe the sentence from the text:

The answer is: both are correct

Let’s focus on the verb which is in the Present Perfect: have worn

"People of many cultures throughout the world have worn this style of footwear."

Remember this sentence?

"have been popular among millions of people in the world until today."

The previous examples show that we use the Present Perfect to talk about events that started in the past and continue up to now.

Let’s see why ...

Portuguese speakers usually get confused about the use of the Present Perfect, especially when they compare the two languages.

( ) Maria estudou inglês em 2007. ( ) Maria estuda inglês desde 2007.

( ) Phillip jogou basquete por 10 anos. ( ) Phillip joga basquete há 10 anos.

How would you translate sentences 1 and 2? Choose the best answer from the alternatives below.

2. Phillip has played basketball for 10 years.

1. Maria has studied English since 2007.

Maria estuda inglês.

Phillip has played basketball for 10 years.

Maria has studied English since 2007.

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Did you notice that studies / has studied and plays / has played are translated into Portuguese as estuda and joga?

Phillip joga basquete há 10 anos.

Maria estuda inglês desde 2007.

So, what’s the difference? Go ahead and find out!

Phillip plays basketball.

Compare the sentences:

Maria studies English.

Phillip joga basquete.

Phillip has played basketball for 10 years. He started in 2003 and continues to play basketball up to now.

2007

10 years

study English play basketball

Maria has studied English since 2007. She started in 2007 and continues to study it until today.

In English, we use the Present Perfect tense for events that started in the past and continue up to the present.

The words since and for indicate that the event started in the past and continues up to the present.

But, when do you use since or for?

They are used when we want to say “how long” we have done something.

since 4 pm since April 4th since last year since 2007

We use since with a fixed time in the past, indicating when the event started:

since I arrived since I was a child

The fixed time can also be another event that occurred in the past:

How long have you known your best friend, Kevin? I have known Kevin since I was a child.

How long has Kevin worked with you? Kevin has worked with me since last year.

See the examples:

How long have you and Kevin studied in the same class? He has been my classmate since 2007.

for 2 hours for three days for six months for a long time

We use for with a period of time:

How long has your child been Dr. Santos’s patient? He has been his patient for two years.

How long has your child had a cold? My child has had a cold for three days.

How long have you been at the doctor’s office? I have been at the doctor’s office for two hours.

"People of many cultures throughout the world have worn this style of footwear. Flip flops have been popular among millions of people in the world."

How would you translate have worn and have been?

( ) usam e são ( ) usavam e eram

Remember the sentences.

So, be careful!!!!

When we want to say that an event started in the past and continues up to now, we use the Present Perfect tense and not the Present Simple tense.

how would you say it?

( ) John has played the piano since he was 7. ( ) John plays the piano since he was 7.

So, if you want to say the following sentence in English

In the sentence “Joana has studied German for 2 years”, the expression for 2 years means that the action started in the past and is still going on.

João toca piano desde os 7 anos de idade,

English for two years. cards for three hours. in a hospital since 2003. in Porto Alegre since he was a child. a lot since Monday. each other for 10 years. married for two months.

I You She He It We They

have have has has has have have

The Present Perfect is formed by the combination of an auxiliary verb and the participle form of a main verb.

HAVE/HAS + PARTICIPLE

The contracted form of "have" is: I've / You've / We've/ They've The contracted form of "has" is: She's / He's / It's

studied played worked lived rained known been

Attention! To form affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences we use HAVE or HAS.

Negative

How long have you studied English?

I haven’t (have not) studied English for two years.

Affirmative

How long has he lived in Porto Alegre?

Have you studied English for two years?

He hasn't (has not) lived in Porto Alegre since he was a child.

I've (have) studied English for two years.

Interrogative

Has he lived in Porto Alegre since he was a child?

He's (has) lived in Porto Alegre since he was a child.

Now that you are familiar with the use and form of the Present Perfect , how about doing some exercises?

1) This zoo has attracted thousands of tourists per year (since /for ) it was inaugurated. 2) My kids have studied in the same school (since /for ) 5 years. 3) Sylvia has known Peter (since /for ) quite a long time. 4) Anna and John have been together (since /for ) they met at college. fim NOVO

Choose the best alternative in parenthesis to complete the sentences below.

We use since with a fixed time in the past, indicating when the event started. The fixed time can also be another event that occurred in the past:

Exercise 1

How long does Ana play tennis? How long has Ana played tennis? Ana plays tennis for a long time. Ana has played tennis for a long time. Has she played for more than ten years? Does she play for more than ten years? No, she doesn’t play that long. No, she hasn’t played that long. fim NOVO

Exercise 2

Click on the words to organize the sentences.

1) 2) 3) 4)

grammar help

Exercise 3

I hope you have learned with this lesson!!

www.perfect-english- grammar.com/present-perfect.html

If you want (or need) to do some more practice on this grammar topic, refer to

We use for with a period of time.

Quando erra: When we want to say that an event started in the past and continues up to now, we use the Present Perfect tense and not the Present Simple tense.